“CHINA INCIDENT” ENDS SINO- SOVIET TREATY. 1945

Here are the surrender terms signed by the Japanese which ended the undeclared war they had waged against China for more then eight years. Extracts from President Chiang Kai- shek’s V.J. Day broadcast and the articles of the treaty of friendship and alliance of 1945 between China and the Soviet Union.

Japanese Surrender to China, September 9^th 1945.

          The formal surrender of a million Japanese troops in China, signed at Nanking at 1.04am (British Summer Time) on September 9^th 1945, brought to an end the “China Incident” as Japan called the war which was precipitated by her unprovoked attack on July 7^th 1937. The instrument of surrender acknowledged that “the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Government, and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters” recognized the “complete military defeat of the Japanese military forces by the Allied forces”, and stipulated.

1.     All Japanese land, sea, air and auxiliary forces in China ( south of the Great Wall and excluding Manchuria) as well as in Formosa and French Indo China north of latitude 16 degrees, will cease hostilities and will remain at the stations they now occupy. They are now non combatant troops, and in due course will be demobilized. They will assemble, preserve from damage, and turn over to forces specified by Generalissimo Chiang Kai shek all arms, ammunition, equipment, supplies, records, information, and other assets of any kind belonging to the Japanese forces.

2.     All Allied prisoners of war and civilian internees formerly under Japanese control in the areas named above will be liberated at once, and the Japanese forces will provide protection, maintenance, and transportation to places as directed.

3.     Henceforth, all Japanese forces hereby surrendered will be subject to the control of Generalissimo Chiang Kai- shek. Their movement and activity will be dictated by him, and they will obey only the orders and proclamations issued or authorized by him or orders of their Japanese commanders based upon his instructions.

4.     Local Japanese commanders will be required to implement these orders, subject to drastic punishment for violation of them.

Broadcast by Chiang Kai- shek, President of the Chinese Republic on China’s V.J. Day September 3^rd 1945.

Now that the war is over we shall brook no further delay in the inauguration of constitutional democracy. The highest ideal of the national revolution is the participation of all the people in national politics. The most important measure for the realization of this ideal is to return the power of government to the people. The convocation of the National Assembly is indispensable to the return of such power to the people. I earnestly hope that the people as a whole and leaders of all walks of life will give sincere support to the Government for the early convocation of the National Assembly and the attainment of democracy.

  The successful conclusion of the prolonged war is the time to begin the task of national reconstruction. The Government’s administrative policy will be guided by impartiality and sincerity. The Government is prepared to consult all leaders before the convocation of the National Assembly. It is also ready to consider a reasonable increase in the number of delegates to the Assembly and to seek a rational settlement of other related problems.

  As a safeguard to the freedoms of the people, the National Government has, besides the enforcement of the law for the protection of personal freedom, decided to abolish the war time press censorship so that the people may have freedom of speech. It will promulgate a law to facilitate political assembly and organization. Only thus can we tread the path of democracy traversed by the United States and Great Britain and establish a model democratic state in the Far East.

  If we want to attain democracy, we must have the rule of law as the foundation of constitutional government, and the Constitution as the safeguard of the people. Disreputable practices like the employment of armed force in political controversy and the seizure of territory in defiance of Government orders are relics of the days of the war lords. They should not be found in a modern democratic state and could not be tolerated in national rebuilding. Only when domestic problems are peacefully solved by political means, and all shades of opinion observe the law of the country, can we avoid the mistakes made in the early days of the Republic.

  The most important condition for national unity is the nationalization of all armed forces in the country’s boundaries, nor should armed forces be kept by any political party.

  On behalf of the Government I solemnly state that all armed forces, if they submit to recognition by the Government, shall receive the same treatment without discrimination.

Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between the U.S.S.R. and the Republic of China, signed on August 14^th 1945.

1.     The High contracting parties undertake jointly with the other United Nations to wage war against Japan until final victory. The High contracting parties pledge themselves to render each other all necessary military and other help and assistance in this war.

2.     The High contracting parties undertake not to enter into separate negotiations with Japan and not to conclude an armistice without mutual consent with either the present Japanese Government or with any other Government or authority established in Japan which will not clearly renounce all aggressive intentions.

3.     The High contracting parties undertake after the end of the war against Japan to take jointly all the measures in their power to prevent a repetition of aggression and violation of the peace on the part of Japan. If one of the high contracting parties becomes the victim of aggression, the other contracting party will immediately render to the party involved in military operations all military and other aid and support at her disposal. This article remains in force until such time as, at the request of both high contracting parties, responsibility for the prevention of further aggression by Japan is placed in the hands of the United Nations organization.

4.     Each of the high contracting parties undertake not to conclude an alliance of any kind and not to take part in any coalition directed against the other contracting party.

5.      The  High contracting parties, taking into account the protection and economic development of each country, agree to work together in friendly co- operation after the advent of peace and to act on the principle of mutual respect of each other’s sovereign and territorial rights and not to interfere in the internal affairs of the other contracting party.

6.     The High contracting parties agree to give each other all possible economic help in the post war period to speed up the reconstruction of both countries and in order to bring about the well being of the world.

7.     This agreement is drawn up in a way which respects the rights and obligations of the high contracting Powers and all member Powers of the United Nations.

8.     This agreement is subject to ratification which is to take place as soon as possible. The exchange of the instruments of ratification will be made in Chungking. The agreement comes into force immediately after its ratification, and will remain valid for 30 years. If neither of the high contracting parties gives notice during this period of its desire to terminate the agreement, it will remain in force for an indefinite period thereafter, subject to each of the high contracting parties being able to the other contracting party.